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The epidemic status and risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 388-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0233-3

摘要：

Xuanwei City (formerly known as Xuanwei County) locates in the northeastern of Yunnan Province and is rich in coal, iron, copper and other mines, especially the smoky (bituminous) coal. Unfortunately, the lung cancer morbidity and mortality rates in this region are among China’s highest, with a clear upward trend from the mid-1970s to mid-2000s. In 2004–2005, the crude death rate of lung cancer was 91.3 per 100 000 in the whole Xuanwei City, while that for Laibin Town in this city was 241.14 per 100 000. The epidemiologic distribution (clustering patterns by population, time, and space) of lung cancer in Xuanwei has some special features, e.g., high incidence in rural areas, high incidence in females, and an early age peak in lung cancer deaths. The main factor that associates with a high rate of lung cancer incidence was found to be indoor air pollution caused by the indoor burning of smoky coal. To a certain extent, genetic defects are also associated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. Taken together, lung cancer in this smoky coal combustion region is a unique model for environmental factor-related human cancer, and the current studies indicate that abandoning the use of smoky coal is the key to diminish lung cancer morbidity and mortality.

关键词： lung cancer     Xuanwei     smoky coal combustion     polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     epidemiology    

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Comparison of combustion characteristics of petroleum coke and coal in one-dimensional furnace

Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Guangjie ZHOU, Huiqing WANG, Tongmo XU, Shien HUI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 436-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0059-0

摘要： The effect of primary air fraction , outer secondary air swirl strength and excess oxygen coefficient on the combustion characteristics of petroleum coke, Hejin lean coal and Shenmu soft coal are researched on a one-dimensional furnace using a dual channel swirl burner. The results show that with the increase in primary air fraction , the NO emission concentrations of both Hejin lean coal and petroleum coke increase, and the combustion worsens in the earlier stage, but the burn-out rate of Shenmu soft coal is improved. The NO emission concentration obtains a minimum value with an increase in . The ignition and burn-out rate of petroleum coke and Shenmu soft coal are optimal when Ω is minimum and Ω=0.87, respectively. However, both the NO emission concentration of petroleum coke and Shenmu soft coal are minimum when Ω=1.08. The increase in excess oxygen coefficient delays the ignition of petroleum coke, worsens the combustion condition and increases the NO emission concentration, but it greatly decreases the NO emission concentration of Shenmu soft coal.

关键词： petroleum coke     Shenmu soft coal     Hejin lean coal     combustion characteristics     experimental research    

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Modeling of single coal particle combustion in O

Xiehe YANG, Yang ZHANG, Daoyin LIU, Jiansheng ZHANG, Hai ZHANG, Junfu LYU, Guangxi YUE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 99-111 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0685-0

摘要： A one-dimensional transient single coal particle combustion model was proposed to investigate the characteristics of single coal particle combustion in both O /N and O /CO atmospheres under the fluidized bed combustion condition. The model accounted for the fuel devolatilization, moisture evaporation, heterogeneous reaction as well as homogeneous reactions integrated with the heat and mass transfer from the fluidized bed environment to the coal particle. This model was validated by comparing the model prediction with the experimental results in the literature, and a satisfactory agreement between modeling and experiments proved the reliability of the model. The modeling results demonstrated that the carbon conversion rate of a single coal particle (diameter 6 to 8 mm) under fluidized bed conditions (bed temperature 1088 K) in an O /CO (30:70) atmosphere was promoted by the gasification reaction, which was considerably greater than that in the O /N (30:70) atmosphere. In addition, the surface and center temperatures of the particle evolved similarly, no matter it is under the O /N condition or the O /CO condition. A further analysis indicated that similar trends of the temperature evolution under different atmospheres were caused by the fact that the strong heat transfer under the fluidized bed condition overwhelmingly dominated the temperature evolution rather than the heat release of the chemical reaction.

关键词： coal     oxy-fuel     fluidized bed     combustion     simulation    

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Effects of pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio on coal combustion and pollution emission in a 0.35 MW pulverizedcoal-fired furnace

Yonghong YAN, Liutao SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Hongliang QI, Li LIU, Rui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 78-90 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0678-z

摘要： The effects of blend ratio on combustion and pollution emission characteristics for co-combustion of Shenmu pyrolyzed semi-char (SC), i.e., residuals of the coal pyrolysis chemical processing, and Shenhua bituminous coal (SB) were investigated in a 0.35 MW pilot-scale pulverized coal-fired furnace. The gas temperature and concentrations of gaseous species (O , CO, CO , NO and HCN) were measured in the primary combustion zone at different blend ratios. It is found that the standoff distance of ignition changes monotonically from 132 to 384 mm with the increase in pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio. The effects on the combustion characteristics may be neglected when the blend ratio is less than 30%. Above the 30% blend ratio, the increase in blend ratio postpones ignition in the primary stage and lowers the burnout rate. With the blend ratio increasing, NO emission at the furnace exit is smallest for the 30% blend ratio and highest for the 100% SC. The NO concentration was 425 mg/m at 6% O and char burnout was 76.23% for the 45% blend ratio. The above results indicate that the change of standoff distance and NO emission were not obvious when the blend ratio of semi-char is less than 45%, and carbon burnout changed a little at all blend ratios. The goal of this study is to achieve blending combustion with a large proportion of semi-char without great changes in combustion characteristics. So, an SC blend ratio of no more than 45% can be suitable for the burning of semi-char.

关键词： pulverized-coal combustion     pyrolyzed semi-char     ignition characteristics     pollution emission     char burnout     blend ratio    

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Dynamic modelling and simulation of a post-combustion CO capture process for coal-fired power plants

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 198-209 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2057-7

摘要： Solvent-based post-combustion capture technologies have great potential for CO2 mitigation in traditional coal-fired power plants. Modelling and simulation provide a low-cost opportunity to evaluate performances and guide flexible operation. Composed by a series of partial differential equations, first-principle post-combustion capture models are computationally expensive, which limits their use in real time process simulation and control. In this study, we propose a first-principle approach to develop the basic structure of a reduced-order model and then the dominant factor is used to fit properties and simplify the chemical and physical process, based on which a universal and hybrid post-combustion capture model is established. Model output at steady state and trend at dynamic state are validated using experimental data obtained from the literature. Then, impacts of liquid-to-gas ratio, reboiler power, desorber pressure, tower height and their combination on the absorption and desorption effects are analyzed. Results indicate that tower height should be designed in conjunction with the flue gas flow, and the gas-liquid ratio can be optimized to reduce the reboiler power under a certain capture target.

关键词： CO2 capture     post-combustion capture     simulation     dominant factor    

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Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 66-76 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0428-5

摘要： Experiments were performed to measure the emission factors ( s) of gaseous carbonaceous species, such as CO , CO, CH , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), from the combustion of five types of coal of varying organic maturity and two types of biomass briquettes under residential burning conditions. Samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and were analyzed by GC–FID/MS and HPLC, respectively. The s from crop residue briquette burning were generally higher than those from coals, with the exception of CO . The dominant NMVOC species identified in coal smoke were carbonyls (41.7%), followed by C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons (29.1%) and aromatics (12.1%), while C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons were the dominant species (68.9%) emitted from the combustion of crop residue briquettes, followed by aromatics (14.4%). A comparison of burning normal crop residues in stoves and the open field indicated that briquettes emitted a larger proportion of ethene and acetylene. Both combustion efficiency and coal organic maturity had a significant impact on NMVOC s from burning coal: NMVOC emissions increased with increasing coal organic maturity but decreased as the combustion efficiency improved. Emissions from the combustion of crop residue briquettes from stoves occurred mainly during the smoldering process, with low combustion efficiency. Therefore, an improved stove design to allow higher combustion efficiency would be beneficial for reducing emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants.

关键词： residential combustion     coal     crop residue briquette     emission factors     gaseous carbonaceous species    

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Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 255-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0255-9

摘要： With the objective of producing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner, identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler, numerical simulations were performed using Fluent 6.3.26 to study the progress of ignition for four coal concentration settings covering sub-operation conditions prevailing during the experiments performed with the burner. The numerical simulations conformed to the experimental results, demonstrating the suitability of the model used in the calculations. Simulations for a coal concentration of 0.40 kg/kg corresponding to a single burner operating at its rated output were also conducted, which indicated that gas temperatures along the burner centerline were high. As gas flowed to the burner nozzle, the high-temperature region expanded, ensuring a successful pulverized-coal ignition. With increasing coal concentration (0.08–0.40 kg/kg), the gas temperature along the burner centerline and at the first and second combustion chamber exits decreased at the equivalent radial points. At the center of the second combustion chamber exit, the O concentrations were almost depleted for the five coal concentrations, while the CO concentrations peaked.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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The development of pollution control technology in coal combustion in China

XU Xuchang, ZHANG Hu, ZHUO Yuqun, TONG Huiling, WANG Shujuan, LI Yan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 9-15 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0002-1

摘要： The recent development of coal combustion pollution control technologies in China, including desulphurization, denitrification, particulate matters and heavy metals emission control technologies, have been reviewed. The development histories and the advantages of China s self-developed technologies have been introduced in detail. The key points of future research and development in coal combustion pollution control, e.g., combined emission control and CO emission control technologies, have also been discussed.

关键词： development     CO emission     desulphurization     future research     emission    

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Combustion effects and emission characteristics of SO

Yiying JIN,Yangyang LI,Fuqiang LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 201-210 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0739-9

摘要： The influences of dewatered sludge blending ratio in coal on flammability index (C) and combustion characteristic index (S) and release of sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen oxide (NO ), carbon monoxide (CO) and heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr) were studied. The impact on combustion characteristics could be ignored if less than 20% of dewatered sludge was added in coal. Besides, emission pattern experiments of NO , SO , CO and heavy metals were carried out in a high-temperature tubular furnace. Results showed that the conversion rate of NO and total emission of SO reduced with the increase of sludge adding ratio, and a better effect of fixing sulfur could be obtained when the blending ratio reached 30%. Concentrations and distributions of five types of heavy metals in different residues (bottom ash and fly ash) as well as in flue gas were analyzed. It was shown that the characteristics of coal and sludge, as well as the volatilization of heavy metals had a great influence on the distribution of heavy metals.

关键词： sewage sludge     combustion characteristic     coal     emission     heavy metals    

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Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 296-303 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0191-0

摘要： The progression of ignition was numerically simulated with the aim of realizing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner that is identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. The numerical simulations were conducted for four excess air ratios, 0.56, 0.75, 0.98 and 1.14 (corresponding to primary air velocities of 17, 23, 30 and 35 m/s, respectively), which were chosen because they had been used previously in practical experiments. The numerical simulations agreed well with the experimental results, which demonstrate the suitability of the model used in the calculations. The gas temperatures were high along the center line of the burner for the four excess air ratios. The flame spread to the burner wall and the high-temperature region was enlarged in the radial direction along the primary air flow direction. The O concentrations for the four excess air ratios were 0.5%, 1.1%, 0.9% and 3.0% at the exit of the second combustion chamber. The CO peak concentration was very high with values of 7.9%, 9.9%, 11.3% and 10.6% for the four excess air ratios at the exit of the second combustion chamber.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 46-67 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0807-8

摘要： Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.

关键词： slag     viscosity     biomass     low-rank coal     combustion     gasification    

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NOx and H2S formation in the reductive zone of air-staged combustion of

Jinzhi CAI, Dan LI, Denggao CHEN, Zhenshan LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0804-y

摘要： Low NO combustion of blended coals is widely used in coal-fired boilers in China to control NO emission; thus, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of NO and H S during the combustion of blended coals. This paper focused on the investigation of reductive gases in the formation of NO and H S in the reductive zone of blended coals during combustion. Experiments with Zhundong (ZD) and Commercial (GE) coal and their blends with different mixing ratios were conducted in a drop tube furnace at 1200°C–1400°C with an excessive air ratio of 0.6–1.2. The coal conversion and formation characteristics of CO, H S, and NO in the fuel-rich zone were carefully studied under different experimental conditions for different blend ratios. Blending ZD into GE was found to increase not only the coal conversion but also the concentrations of CO and H S as NO reduction accelerated. Both the CO and H S concentrations inblended coal combustion increase with an increase in the combustion temperature and a decrease in the excessive air ratio. Based on accumulated experimental data, one interesting finding was that NO and H S from blended coal combustion were almost directly dependent on the CO concentration, and the CO concentration of the blended coal combustion depended on the single char gasification conversion.Thus, CO, NO , and H S formation characteristics from blended coal combustion can be well predicted by single char gasification kinetics.

关键词： blended coal combustion     NOx formation     H2S formation     air staged combustion    

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Experimental studies of ash film fractions based on measurement of cenospheres geometry in pulverized coalcombustion

Siqi LIU, Yanqing NIU, Liping WEN, Yang LIANG, Bokang YAN, Denghui WANG, Shi’en HUI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 91-98 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0806-9

摘要： In pulverized coal particle combustion, part of the ash forms the ash film and exerts an inhibitory influence on combustion by impeding the diffusion of oxygen to the encapsulated char core, while part of the ash diffuses toward the char core. Despite the considerable ash effects on combustion, the fraction of ash film still remains unclear. However, the research of the properties of cenospheres can be an appropriate choice for the fraction determination, being aware that the formation of cenospheres is based on the model of coal particles with the visco-plastic ash film and a solid core. The fraction of ash film is the ratio of the measuring mass of ash film and the total ash in coal particle. In this paper, the Huangling bituminous coal with different sizes was burnt in a drop-tube furnace at 1273, 1473, and 1673 K with air as oxidizer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross-section analysis have been used to study the geometry of the collected cenospheres and the effects of combustion parameters on the fraction of ash film. The results show that the ash film fraction increases with increasing temperature and carbon conversion ratio but decreases with larger sizes of coal particles. The high fraction of ash film provides a reasonable explanation for the extinction event at the late burnout stage. The varied values of ash film fractions under different conditions during the dynamic combustion process are necessary for further development of kinetic models.

关键词： ash film fraction     cenospheres     coal combustion     fly ash    

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Influence of mineral transformation on emission of particulate matters during coal combustion

LIU Xiaowei, XU Minghou, YU Dunxi, GAO Xiangpeng, CAO Qian, HAO Wei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 213-217 doi: 10.1007/s00000-007-0028-4

摘要： Combustion of pulverized coal was studied in a drop tube furnace to understand coal mineral properties with the emission of particulate matters (PM). Experimental conditions were selected as follows: coal particle size was smaller than 63 μm; reaction temperature was 1 100vH, 1 250vH and 1 400vH respectively; oxygen content was 20% and 50% respectively. PM was collected with a 13-stagelow pressure impactor (LPI) having an aerodynamic cut-off diameter ranging from 10.0 μm to 0.03 μm for a size-segregated collection. Such properties as concentration, particle size distribution and elemental composition of PM were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the emitted PM has a bimodal distribution having two peaks around 4.0 μm and 0.1 μm. Increasing temperature leads to the formation of more PM; varied oxygen content leads to much change of emitted PM. PM was also subjected to XRF analysis to quantify the elemental composition. The results show that PM of 0.1 μm is rich in sulfates. Meanwhile, SiO and AlO are prevalent in PM of 4.0 μm, which means that the last peak around 4.0 μm is mainly aluminosilicate salts.

关键词： prevalent     Combustion     cut-off diameter     temperature     particle    

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我国煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究综述

鲜学福,王宏图,姜德义,刘保县

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第12期   页码 28-32

摘要：

总结了近年来我国在煤矿矿井火灾预测预报理论及方法、矿井煤炭自燃火源区域探测方法、矿井防灭火技术、外源火灾检测及防治和矿井防灭火决策系统等方面的研究和应用进展，分析了我国在煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究和应用中存在的问题。

关键词： 矿井火灾     防灭火技术     外因火灾     煤的自燃发火     研究进展    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The epidemic status and risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China

null

期刊论文

Comparison of combustion characteristics of petroleum coke and coal in one-dimensional furnace

Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Guangjie ZHOU, Huiqing WANG, Tongmo XU, Shien HUI,

期刊论文

Modeling of single coal particle combustion in O

Xiehe YANG, Yang ZHANG, Daoyin LIU, Jiansheng ZHANG, Hai ZHANG, Junfu LYU, Guangxi YUE

期刊论文

Effects of pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio on coal combustion and pollution emission in a 0.35 MW pulverizedcoal-fired furnace

Yonghong YAN, Liutao SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Hongliang QI, Li LIU, Rui SUN

期刊论文

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a post-combustion CO capture process for coal-fired power plants

期刊论文

Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

期刊论文

The development of pollution control technology in coal combustion in China

XU Xuchang, ZHANG Hu, ZHUO Yuqun, TONG Huiling, WANG Shujuan, LI Yan

期刊论文

Combustion effects and emission characteristics of SO

Yiying JIN,Yangyang LI,Fuqiang LIU

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

期刊论文

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

期刊论文

NOx and H2S formation in the reductive zone of air-staged combustion of

Jinzhi CAI, Dan LI, Denggao CHEN, Zhenshan LI

期刊论文

Experimental studies of ash film fractions based on measurement of cenospheres geometry in pulverized coalcombustion

Siqi LIU, Yanqing NIU, Liping WEN, Yang LIANG, Bokang YAN, Denghui WANG, Shi’en HUI

期刊论文

Influence of mineral transformation on emission of particulate matters during coal combustion

LIU Xiaowei, XU Minghou, YU Dunxi, GAO Xiangpeng, CAO Qian, HAO Wei

期刊论文

我国煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究综述

鲜学福,王宏图,姜德义,刘保县

期刊论文